ICS-SCADA

The EC-Council ICS/SCADA certification exam focuses on the security of Industrial Control Systems and Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems. The main points covered are broad, encompassing both theoretical knowledge and practical application. Here's a breakdown of the key areas:

I. Fundamentals of ICS/SCADA Systems:

• Architecture and Components: Understanding the various components of ICS/SCADA systems (PLCs, RTUs, HMIs, sensors, actuators, communication networks), their functions, and how they interact.
• Protocols and Communication: Knowledge of common industrial communication protocols (Modbus, Profibus, DNP3, OPC UA, etc.) and their vulnerabilities. Understanding how these protocols operate and how they can be exploited.
• Network Topologies and Security Zones: Familiarity with different network architectures used in ICS/SCADA environments and the importance of network segmentation and security zones for isolating critical assets.

II. ICS/SCADA Security Threats and Vulnerabilities:

• Common Attack Vectors: Identifying and understanding various attack methods targeting ICS/SCADA systems, including malware infections, denial-of-service attacks, man-in-the-middle attacks, and unauthorized access.
• Vulnerability Analysis: Knowing how to identify and assess vulnerabilities in ICS/SCADA systems using various techniques.
• Specific Threats: Understanding threats unique to the industrial control environment, such as advanced persistent threats (APTs), targeted attacks, and industrial espionage.

III. ICS/SCADA Security Controls and Best Practices:

• Risk Management and Assessment: Implementing comprehensive risk management strategies to identify, assess, and mitigate potential risks.
• Security Policies and Procedures: Understanding the importance of developing and implementing robust security policies and procedures for ICS/SCADA systems.
• Network Security: Implementing appropriate network security measures such as firewalls, intrusion detection/prevention systems (IDS/IPS), and Virtual Private Networks (VPNs).
• Access Control: Implementing strong access control mechanisms to limit access to critical systems and data.
• Data Integrity and Confidentiality: Protecting the integrity and confidentiality of data within ICS/SCADA environments.
• Incident Response: Developing and practicing incident response plans to effectively handle security incidents.
• Physical Security: Recognizing the importance of physical security measures to protect ICS/SCADA infrastructure.
• Compliance and Regulations: Understanding relevant industry regulations and compliance requirements (e.g., NIST, NERC CIP).

IV. Technologies and Tools:

• Security Information and Event Management (SIEM): Understanding how SIEM systems can be used to monitor and analyze security events in ICS/SCADA environments.
• Security Monitoring and Auditing: Implementing effective security monitoring and auditing procedures.
• Incident Response Tools: Familiarity with tools used in incident response and forensic analysis.

In essence: The exam tests your ability to understand the unique security challenges presented by ICS/SCADA systems and to apply appropriate security controls and best practices to protect these critical infrastructures. It requires a combination of theoretical knowledge and practical understanding of security concepts in the industrial context. The emphasis is on real-world scenarios and practical applications of security principles.